Sauvignon Blanc is one of the most celebrated white wine varieties in the world, known for its crisp acidity, aromatic intensity, and diverse regional expressions.
From the mineral-driven, age-worthy wines of Loire Valley, France, to the bold, fruit-forward styles of New Zealand and California, Sauvignon Blanc has carved a strong reputation among both wine enthusiasts and investors.
While fine wine investment has traditionally been dominated by red wines, certain high-quality Sauvignon Blancs have demonstrated strong price appreciation and increasing market demand.
Burgundy’s Grand Cru whites and rare Californian Sauvignon Blancs, in particular, have shown significant returns on investment (ROI), making them attractive options for collectors and investors alike.
This article explores the best Sauvignon Blanc wine brands to invest in for 2025, analyzing their characteristics, historical price trends, and investment potential.
From iconic producers like Louis-Benjamin Dagueneau and Château Margaux to cult favorites like Screaming Eagle, we will break down the most promising bottles for investors.
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Historical ROI Performance of Sauvignon Blanc Wines
While fine wine investment has traditionally been dominated by red wines, certain high-quality white wines, particularly Sauvignon Blancs from prestigious producers, have demonstrated strong price appreciation over time.
Historically, investment-grade wines have yielded annualized returns of 10-15%, with top-tier Sauvignon Blancs following a similar trajectory.
Sauvignon Blanc’s presence in the fine wine investment market has grown significantly, thanks to three key factors:
- Prestigious Winemakers & Limited Production – Exclusive producers like Didier Dagueneau, Château Margaux, and Screaming Eagle create limited quantities of Sauvignon Blanc, making their bottles highly sought after.
- High Market Demand – Sauvignon Blanc’s crisp, aromatic style appeals to a broad range of consumers, ensuring consistent demand across global markets.
- Aging Potential – While typically considered a fresh, youthful wine, certain high-end Sauvignon Blancs (such as those from Bordeaux and Loire Valley) improve with age, increasing their resale value.
Over the past twenty years, top-tier Sauvignon Blancs have consistently appreciated in value, particularly those from the Loire Valley and Napa Valley, that are the main regions of its production.

Wines such as Didier Dagueneau’s Silex and Screaming Eagle Sauvignon Blanc have seen price increases of 5-15% per year, reflecting their cult status among collectors.

Similarly, Pavillon Blanc de Château Margaux, one of Bordeaux’s finest white wines, has demonstrated steady price growth, especially for older vintages that are becoming increasingly rare.
Among the most remarkable performers in the Sauvignon Blanc investment market is Screaming Eagle Sauvignon Blanc.
Due to its extreme rarity and strong cult following, some bottles have soared past $8,000, making it one of the most expensive white wines in the world.
The combination of exclusivity, critical acclaim, and the reputation of these producers has cemented Sauvignon Blanc’s position as an asset-worthy white wine.
Market Outlook for 2025 and Beyond
Looking ahead, investment-grade Sauvignon Blancs are expected to continue their upward trajectory, particularly those from highly rated vintages and top producers. Limited-production wines that are difficult to acquire will remain especially attractive to investors.
Additionally, as more collectors recognize the age-worthiness of select Sauvignon Blancs, secondary market demand is likely to grow, further driving up resale prices.

For investors looking to diversify their fine wine portfolio, Sauvignon Blanc presents an excellent opportunity for high returns with relatively low risk, especially when sourcing bottles from renowned estates and cult producers.
While it may not yet command the same dominance as Burgundy Chardonnay or Bordeaux reds, its niche appeal and strong price performance make it an increasingly compelling choice for investment.
Louis-Benjamin – Didier Dagueneau Silex
Silex is one of the most iconic Sauvignon Blanc wines from France’s Loire Valley, crafted by the legendary Didier Dagueneau and now overseen by his son, Louis-Benjamin Dagueneau.
Known for its exceptional purity, striking minerality, and remarkable complexity, this wine has gained a cult-like status among collectors and investors.
The name Silex, which means flint in French, is a direct reference to the unique soil composition in the Pouilly-Fumé region. These flinty soils give the wine its signature smoky and mineral-driven character, distinguishing it from other Sauvignon Blancs.
The winemaking approach is meticulous, with a focus on biodynamic viticulture, low yields, and extended aging on fine lees, which enhances texture and depth.
Silex is recognized for its incredible aging potential, an uncommon trait for Sauvignon Blanc.
While many expressions of the grape are designed for early consumption, top vintages of Silex can evolve beautifully for 10-20 years, developing layers of citrus, stone fruit, white flowers, and flinty undertones over time.
This longevity has contributed to its strong investment appeal, as older vintages become increasingly rare and sought after.
Investment Perspective
Silex has consistently appreciated in value, with prices increasing 5-10% per year due to its limited production and high demand.
The transition of winemaking leadership from Didier to Louis-Benjamin Dagueneau has maintained the wine’s prestige and quality, further solidifying its market value.
The average price for a young vintage of Silex is around $150 per bottle, though older, well-stored vintages can command significantly higher prices in secondary markets.
Auction data suggests that mature Silex vintages appreciate steadily, making it an excellent choice for collectors who wish to hold onto a bottle for future resale.
Given the continued global interest in terroir-driven white wines, Silex remains a highly investable Sauvignon Blanc with strong long-term potential.
It appeals not only to fine wine enthusiasts but also to investors seeking a rare and prestigious white wine that defies the typical constraints of Sauvignon Blanc aging.

Pavillon Blanc de Château Margaux
Pavillon Blanc de Château Margaux is one of the most prestigious white wines from Bordeaux, produced exclusively from 100% Sauvignon Blanc at the renowned Château Margaux estate.
While Château Margaux is best known for its legendary Premier Grand Cru Classé red wines, its white wine, Pavillon Blanc, has quietly built a reputation as one of the finest and most age-worthy Sauvignon Blancs in the world.
Originally labeled as Château Margaux Blanc, the wine was renamed Pavillon Blanc de Château Margaux in 1920.
Unlike many Bordeaux white wines, which are typically blends of Sauvignon Blanc and Sémillon, Pavillon Blanc is crafted solely from Sauvignon Blanc, showcasing the purest expression of the grape in Bordeaux’s Graves region.
The wine undergoes a rigorous selection process, with nearly two-thirds of the harvest discarded to ensure that only the highest-quality grapes are used.
It is then aged in one-third new oak barrels for approximately 12 months, adding complexity and texture while maintaining the wine’s vibrant acidity and freshness.
The result is a Sauvignon Blanc with layers of citrus, white peach, floral aromas, and subtle oak influence, offering both immediate appeal and long-term aging potential.
Investment Perspective
Pavillon Blanc de Château Margaux has demonstrated steady price appreciation, particularly for older vintages.
Over the past decade, its value has increased by an average of 7-12% annually, making it a reliable investment within the white wine market.
The average price for a young vintage of Pavillon Blanc is around $300 per bottle, but older vintages in pristine condition can command $600 or more at auctions.
Due to its strict production limits and Château Margaux’s global reputation, demand for this wine remains consistently high.
One of the key factors contributing to Pavillon Blanc’s investment appeal is its aging potential.
While many Sauvignon Blanc wines are consumed within a few years, Pavillon Blanc has the structure and acidity to age gracefully for 15-25 years, developing deeper honeyed, nutty, and toasty characteristics over time.
For investors and collectors, Pavillon Blanc offers a rare opportunity to own a white wine from one of Bordeaux’s most iconic estates.
Its low production volume, historical price performance, and strong collector interest make it an excellent addition to a fine wine portfolio.

Cloudy Bay Sauvignon Blanc
Cloudy Bay Sauvignon Blanc is one of the most iconic and widely recognized expressions of the Sauvignon Blanc grape, originating from Marlborough, New Zealand.
Often credited with elevating New Zealand to global wine prominence, Cloudy Bay set the benchmark for New World Sauvignon Blancs with its vibrant, fruit-forward style and unmistakable intensity.
Founded in 1985 by David Hohnen, Cloudy Bay quickly became a symbol of quality and innovation in the Marlborough region.
The wine’s distinctive style, featuring ripe tropical fruit flavors, crisp acidity, and a refreshing mineral finish, gained international acclaim, making it one of the most sought-after Sauvignon Blancs in the world. Today, Cloudy Bay is owned by LVMH (Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton), a testament to its prestige and luxury market appeal.
Cloudy Bay’s terroir plays a crucial role in shaping its signature profile. The vineyards benefit from cool maritime influences, long sunny days, and stony soils, which contribute to the wine’s crisp acidity and aromatic intensity.
The winemaking process involves cold fermentation in stainless steel tanks, ensuring that the wine retains its fresh, fruit-driven character, with aromas of passionfruit, lime, grapefruit, and fresh herbs.
Investment Perspective
While Cloudy Bay Sauvignon Blanc is widely available, making it less exclusive than some of the ultra-premium Sauvignon Blancs in this list, certain vintages and limited releases have demonstrated notable appreciation.
As New Zealand’s flagship Sauvignon Blanc, Cloudy Bay maintains a strong brand presence and consistent global demand, making it a safe, low-risk investment for wine collectors and traders.
The average price for a young vintage of Cloudy Bay Sauvignon Blanc is around $30 per bottle, making it more affordable than investment-grade Loire or Bordeaux Sauvignon Blancs.
However, limited-edition releases, older vintages, and special reserve selections can command significantly higher prices, particularly in fine wine auctions and collector circles.
Although not traditionally considered an investment wine, Cloudy Bay’s proven track record of quality and prestige ensures strong resale value, particularly in emerging fine wine markets where New Zealand wines are gaining increasing recognition.
Investors looking for a high-quality, high-demand white wine with long-term brand equity may find Cloudy Bay an attractive addition to a diversified wine portfolio.

Louis-Benjamin – Didier Dagueneau Pur Sang
Pur Sang is another exceptional Sauvignon Blanc crafted by Louis-Benjamin Dagueneau, the son of the late Didier Dagueneau, who was one of the most influential winemakers in the Loire Valley.
Like its sibling wine, Silex, Pur Sang is produced in Pouilly-Fumé, a region renowned for its flinty soils and mineral-driven Sauvignon Blancs.
However, Pur Sang offers a distinctly different expression, often described as more refined, textural, and complex than its counterpart.
The name Pur Sang, meaning “Pure Blood” in French, reflects the wine’s purity of expression and terroir-driven nature. The grapes for Pur Sang come from chalky limestone soils, which contribute to its elegance, precision, and layered complexity.
Unlike many Sauvignon Blancs that prioritize primary fruit characteristics, Pur Sang exhibits a silky texture, subtle oak influence, and a remarkable balance between freshness and depth.
Winemaking at Dagueneau’s estate is highly meticulous, following biodynamic principles and a low-intervention approach.
The wine undergoes extended lees aging in wooden barrels, allowing it to develop richness, texture, and a long finish, while maintaining its lively acidity and distinctive minerality.
Notes of white peach, citrus, fresh herbs, and crushed stone characterize Pur Sang, with older vintages evolving into more honeyed and nutty profiles over time.
Investment Perspective
Pur Sang has a strong investment potential, driven by limited production, critical acclaim, and increasing demand for terroir-driven white wines. Like Silex, Pur Sang has demonstrated consistent price appreciation, with values increasing 6-8% per year.
The average price for a young vintage of Pur Sang is around $130 per bottle, while older vintages in top condition can reach $250 or more on the secondary market.
Collectors value the wine’s ability to age gracefully, with its best expressions peaking after 8-15 years.
Given the continued interest in top-tier Loire Valley Sauvignon Blancs, Pur Sang remains a highly investable wine, particularly for those looking to diversify their portfolio with a white wine that combines elegance, rarity, and long-term growth potential.
It appeals to both fine wine collectors and investors who recognize the cult status of the Dagueneau name and the scarcity of these high-quality releases.

Edmond Vatan Sancerre Clos la Néore
Edmond Vatan’s Clos la Néore is one of the most coveted Sauvignon Blancs from the Sancerre appellation in France’s Loire Valley. This legendary wine is produced in tiny quantities and has achieved near-mythical status among collectors and sommeliers.
Unlike many other Sancerre wines, which are widely available, Clos la Néore is crafted with an old-school, minimalist winemaking philosophy, emphasizing purity, terroir expression, and age-worthiness.
What sets Clos la Néore apart is its exceptional vineyard site. The grapes come from a single, privileged plot within Les Monts Damnés, one of Sancerre’s most famous slopes.
The vineyard’s steep incline and Kimmeridgian limestone soils create a wine of intense minerality, razor-sharp acidity, and remarkable depth.
It undergoes long aging on lees, contributing to its silky texture, aromatic complexity, and ability to develop for decades.
Clos la Néore is known for its tightly wound, structured style in its youth, but with 8-15 years of aging, it transforms into a wine of exceptional finesse, featuring notes of citrus, white flowers, wet stone, and delicate smoke.
Its ability to evolve gracefully over time makes it one of the few Sauvignon Blancs that rival top white Burgundies in longevity and complexity.
Investment Perspective
Clos la Néore has consistently been one of the best-performing white wines in the secondary market, primarily due to its extreme scarcity.
With Edmond Vatan having retired, production has become even more limited, adding significant rarity value to the wine.
The average price for a young vintage of Clos la Néore is $200 per bottle, but older vintages can easily exceed $500, especially if sourced from well-stored collections.
This price trajectory places it among the top investment-grade Sauvignon Blancs, with an annual appreciation rate of 10-15% in recent years.
Collectors and investors who seek low-production, terroir-driven wines with aging potential view Clos la Néore as a blue-chip Sauvignon Blanc.
Its strong historical ROI, unique winemaking legacy, and ever-decreasing supply make it an attractive asset for long-term holding.
For those looking to diversify their wine investment portfolio with a truly rare white wine, Clos la Néore is one of the most compelling options available.

Greywacke Sauvignon Blanc
Greywacke Sauvignon Blanc is a benchmark expression of New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc, produced by Kevin Judd, the founding winemaker of Cloudy Bay.
Recognized for its precision, elegance, and complexity, Greywacke has rapidly become one of the most sought-after Marlborough Sauvignon Blancs among collectors and investors alike.
Kevin Judd established Greywacke in 2009 after leaving Cloudy Bay, with a focus on small-batch winemaking and meticulous vineyard selection.
The wine is named after the greywacke rock formations found in the Marlborough region, which contribute to the distinctive minerality and structure of the wine.
Unlike the overtly tropical, fruit-forward styles of mass-produced Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc, Greywacke is known for its textural depth, balance, and restrained elegance.
The wine undergoes wild yeast fermentation, which enhances its richness and complexity, while still preserving the signature vibrancy and freshness of New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc.
Aromas of grapefruit, nectarine, fresh herbs, and flinty minerality are complemented by a refined, long finish.
Investment Perspective
While Greywacke Sauvignon Blanc is more affordable than ultra-premium Sauvignon Blancs from Loire Valley and Bordeaux, it has garnered a strong reputation for consistency and quality, making it a low-risk investment within the fine wine sector.
The average price for a young vintage of Greywacke Sauvignon Blanc is $25 per bottle, but limited-edition releases and older vintages can appreciate in value, particularly in fine wine auctions and private collections, reaching 4-7% annual ROI.
Unlike many New Zealand Sauvignon Blancs, which are produced on a mass scale, Greywacke is made in small quantities, increasing its collectibility and desirability among wine connoisseurs.
Although not traditionally viewed as an investment wine, Greywacke’s strong critical reception, cult following, and winemaker pedigree ensure consistent demand.
Investors looking for high-quality, high-demand Sauvignon Blancs with a reputation for aging potential may find Greywacke to be a worthwhile addition to a diversified wine portfolio.

Screaming Eagle Sauvignon Blanc
Screaming Eagle Sauvignon Blanc is one of the most exclusive and expensive white wines in the world, produced by Screaming Eagle Winery, the legendary Napa Valley estate known for its cult-status Cabernet Sauvignon.
While the winery is primarily celebrated for its ultra-rare red wines, its Sauvignon Blanc is equally revered, commanding astronomical prices due to limited production, exceptional quality, and unparalleled prestige.
Unlike most Sauvignon Blanc wines, which are widely available and relatively affordable, Screaming Eagle Sauvignon Blanc is produced in extremely small quantities—with only a few hundred cases released per year.
This scarcity, combined with the winery’s elite reputation and devoted collector base, has turned it into a highly sought-after investment asset.
The wine itself is known for its rich, full-bodied profile, setting it apart from the crisper, more acidic expressions of Loire Valley and New Zealand Sauvignon Blancs.
Screaming Eagle Sauvignon Blanc offers an intensely layered palate, with notes of tropical fruits, citrus zest, honeyed peach, and a delicate oak influence from barrel aging.
Despite its powerful concentration, it retains elegance and freshness, making it one of the most intriguing and age-worthy Sauvignon Blancs on the market.
Investment Perspective
Screaming Eagle Sauvignon Blanc is one of the most expensive white wines globally, with recent vintages exceeding $8,000 per bottle on the secondary market.
Due to its ultra-limited production and exclusivity, the wine often sells out immediately upon release, leaving only a handful of bottles available at auctions or through private transactions.
The price trajectory of Screaming Eagle Sauvignon Blanc has been remarkable, with some older vintages appreciating over 200% in just a few years, while reataining an overall average annual ROI of 7-11%.
Given the winery’s highly controlled allocation system, securing a bottle at the initial release price is almost impossible unless one is on the exclusive Screaming Eagle mailing list.
For investors, this wine represents an exceptional high-value asset in the fine wine market.
Unlike other Sauvignon Blancs, which may take years to appreciate in value, Screaming Eagle’s white wine commands instant demand and near-unparalleled prestige.
Collectors who acquire a bottle can expect its value to rise significantly, making it an excellent choice for those seeking top-tier investment-grade wines.

Louis-Benjamin – Didier Dagueneau Blanc Etc.
Blanc Etc. is another outstanding Sauvignon Blanc from Louis-Benjamin Dagueneau, continuing the legacy of his father, Didier Dagueneau, one of the most influential figures in Loire Valley winemaking.
While wines like Silex and Pur Sang have long been recognized as the flagship releases from the estate, Blanc Etc. represents a more approachable yet equally precise expression of Dagueneau’s signature winemaking style.
Blanc Etc. is produced in Pouilly-Fumé, a region famous for its flinty soils and refined, mineral-driven Sauvignon Blancs.
The name itself suggests a playful, exploratory approach, as it allows for variations in vineyard sourcing and slightly different winemaking techniques compared to the estate’s other highly allocated wines.
However, it still maintains the same meticulous craftsmanship, biodynamic farming practices, and extended lees aging that define the Dagueneau portfolio.
The wine is characterized by its vibrant acidity, aromatic complexity, and refined texture. On the palate, it offers flavors of citrus zest, pear, white peach, and wet stone, with a long, mineral-driven finish that reflects its terroir.
Compared to the more structured and age-worthy Silex or Pur Sang, Blanc Etc. is often considered softer and more immediate in its appeal, yet it still retains the ability to develop gracefully for 5-10 years.
Investment Perspective
Blanc Etc. may be less expensive than Silex or Pur Sang, but it still holds strong investment value, particularly due to the Dagueneau name and the limited quantities produced each year.
Given that the estate practices low-yield farming and strict selection processes, even this more accessible wine remains highly sought after by collectors and fine wine investors.
The average price for a young vintage of Blanc Etc. is around $120 per bottle, with some older vintages exceeding $200 depending on availability.
Due to the Dagueneau estate’s cult following, bottles of Blanc Etc. often sell out quickly upon release, making it a strong candidate for short- to medium-term appreciation in secondary markets, with annual ROI averaging from 3% up to 6%.
For investors looking for a high-quality Loire Valley Sauvignon Blanc with prestige, collectibility, and upside potential, Blanc Etc. offers an excellent entry point into the Dagueneau lineup.
While it may not reach the astronomical prices of Silex, it is still a profitable and desirable addition to any fine wine portfolio.

Baron de Ladoucette Pouilly-Fumé Baron de L
Baron de Ladoucette Pouilly-Fumé Baron de L is one of the most prestigious Sauvignon Blanc wines from France’s Loire Valley, specifically from the Pouilly-Fumé appellation.
This wine represents the pinnacle of classic French Sauvignon Blanc, combining refined elegance, complex minerality, and impressive aging potential.
The estate, Baron de Ladoucette, has been producing wines for centuries and is regarded as one of the leading producers of Pouilly-Fumé.
The Baron de L cuvée is their flagship release, crafted only in the best vintages using the estate’s oldest vines, some of which date back over 100 years.
These vines, planted in flinty and limestone-rich soils, contribute to the wine’s crisp acidity, smoky minerality, and long, refined finish.
Winemaking for Baron de L is highly traditional, with low yields and extended aging on fine lees to enhance depth and complexity.
Unlike many Sauvignon Blancs that are intended for early consumption, Baron de L is built for aging, with the ability to develop beautifully for 10-20 years, gaining additional richness, nutty nuances, and layered complexity over time.
Young bottles showcase bright citrus, green apple, white flowers, and a touch of gunflint, while aged examples reveal honeyed textures and toasted almond notes.
Investment Perspective
Baron de L is a well-regarded investment wine, especially within the Sauvignon Blanc category, due to its exceptional reputation, aging potential, and limited production.
Unlike mass-produced Sauvignon Blancs, Baron de L is crafted in small batches, ensuring its exclusivity and desirability among collectors.
The average price for a young vintage of Baron de L is around $90 per bottle, but older, well-aged vintages can command prices exceeding $200, particularly in fine wine auctions and private collections.
The wine has shown consistent price appreciation, with an annual increase of 8-12%, making it a strong medium- to long-term investment.
For collectors and investors looking to diversify their portfolio with a Sauvignon Blanc that blends tradition, prestige, and investment growth, Baron de L offers a compelling opportunity.
Its long track record of excellence, limited availability, and appreciation potential make it a cornerstone of Loire Valley white wine investments.

François Cotat Sancerre Les Monts Damnés
François Cotat’s Sancerre Les Monts Damnés is one of the most distinctive and sought-after Sauvignon Blancs from the Loire Valley, known for its rich texture, intense minerality, and exceptional aging potential.
Produced in the Sancerre appellation, this wine comes from the Les Monts Damnés vineyard, one of the most prestigious and steeply sloped sites in the region.
The vineyard’s Kimmeridgian limestone soils contribute to the wine’s signature flinty minerality and long, structured finish.
François Cotat follows a traditional, hands-off winemaking approach, crafting wines that develop complexity and depth with age.
Unlike many commercial Sancerres that emphasize immediate freshness, Cotat’s wines undergo extended aging on lees, resulting in a textural, almost Burgundian-like depth. They are often bottled unfiltered, adding to their richness and ability to evolve over decades.
In its youth, Les Monts Damnés presents vibrant citrus, white peach, and floral notes, supported by a core of electric acidity and a saline minerality.
As it ages, it takes on honeyed, nutty, and smoky nuances, making it one of the few Sauvignon Blancs capable of developing for 15-20 years.
Investment Perspective
François Cotat’s wines are highly allocated and produced in very small quantities, making them a collector’s favorite. Due to low intervention winemaking and exceptional terroir, they are recognized as some of the finest expressions of Sancerre, driving continuous demand.
The average price for a young vintage of Les Monts Damnés is around $80 per bottle, but older, well-aged vintages can appreciate significantly, reaching $300 or more in secondary markets.
With an annual price appreciation of 8-15%, it stands out as one of the best investment-worthy Sancerre wines available.
For investors looking to diversify their fine wine portfolio, François Cotat Sancerre Les Monts Damnés offers a rare opportunity to acquire a long-lived, terroir-driven Sauvignon Blanc with proven collector interest and strong resale value.
Its aging ability, scarcity, and critical acclaim ensure that demand remains high, making it an ideal choice for both short- and long-term wine investments.

FAQ
Why should I invest in Sauvignon Blanc wines?
Sauvignon Blanc wines, especially from top producers, have shown strong price appreciation due to their limited production, aging potential, and growing collector interest. While fine wine investment has historically been dominated by red wines, premium Sauvignon Blancs from Burgundy, Bordeaux, and the Loire Valley have gained recognition as valuable assets with consistent returns.
Which regions produce the most investment-worthy Sauvignon Blanc wines?
The Loire Valley (France), Bordeaux, Napa Valley (USA), and Marlborough (New Zealand) are the most important regions for investment-grade Sauvignon Blancs.
How long can premium Sauvignon Blancs age?
Unlike mass-produced Sauvignon Blancs, which are best consumed young, certain investment-grade wines can age gracefully for 10-30 years.
What factors influence the value of a Sauvignon Blanc wine?
The age, producer reputation, vineyard location, critical acclaim, and vintage quality all play significant roles in determining a Sauvignon Blanc’s investment potential.
What is the expected return on investment (ROI) for Sauvignon Blanc wines?
While red wines have historically led fine wine investment, top-tier Sauvignon Blancs have demonstrated annual price appreciation of 8-15%, depending on producer, vintage, and rarity.